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Jonathan Barnes taught at the universities of Oxford, Geneva, and Paris-Sorbonne, and has published extensively on ancient philosophy.
This digital edition combines, for the first time, both volumes of The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation, which is universally recognized as the standard English version.
The Oxford Translation of Aristotle was originally published in twelve volumes between 1912 and 1954. The revised edition...
22) Metafísica
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Español
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La Metafísica, uno de los tratados fundamentales de Aristóteles (384-322 a. C.), tuvo como génesis un conjunto de escritos independientes, cuya finalidad original era sobre todo educativa. Así pues, por su naturaleza, la Metafísica no puede considerarse tanto la exposición de un sistema perfectamente acabado como una obra que aborda diferentes temas a lo largo de catorce libros. No obstante, su concepción integral acaba dando a luz la ciencia...
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Let us now discuss sophistic refutations, i.e. what appear to be refutations but are really fallacies instead. Some reasonings are genuine, while others seem to be so but are not, is evident. This happens with arguments, as also elsewhere, through a certain likeness between the genuine and the sham.
25) Meteorology
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We have already discussed the first causes of nature, and all natural motion, also the stars ordered in the motion of the heavens, and the physical element-enumerating and specifying them and showing how they change into one another-and becoming and perishing in general. There remains for consideration a part of this inquiry which all our predecessors called meteorology. It is concerned with events that are natural, though their order is less perfect...
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We live in an era rife with cultural conflict. The 21st century is by no means free of wars, terrorism, riots, famine, nor epidemics. We may attempt to solve the challenges of our times by uniting the humanistic disciplines of philosophy, science, and technology. Our modern reality requires a fundamental understanding of the problems beleaguering our existence. Science and literature are key tools for gaining this insight. The wisdom accumulated throughout...
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Metaphysics is one of the principle works of Aristotle and the first major work of the branch of philosophy with the same name. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. Pomona Press are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
28) On Dreams
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We must, in the next place, investigate the subject of the dream, and first inquire to which of the faculties of the soul it presents itself, i.e. whether the affection is one which pertains to the faculty of intelligence or to that of sense-perception; for these are the only faculties within us by which we acquire knowledge.
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With regard to sleep and waking, we must consider what they are: whether they are peculiar to soul or to body, or common to both; and if common, to what part of soul or body they appertain: further, from what cause it arises that they are attributes of animals, and whether all animals share in them both, or some partake of the one only, others of the other only, or some partake of neither and some of both.
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Having now definitely considered the soul, by itself, and its several faculties, we must next make a survey of animals and all living things, in order to ascertain what functions are peculiar, and what functions are common, to them. What has been already determined respecting the soul must be assumed throughout. The remaining parts of our subject must be now dealt with, and we may begin with those that come first.
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As to the divination which takes place in sleep, and is said to be based on dreams, we cannot lightly either dismiss it with contempt or give it implicit confidence. The fact that all persons, or many, suppose dreams to possess a special significance, tends to inspire us with belief in it, as founded on the testimony of experience; and indeed that divination in dreams should, as regards some subjects, be genuine, is not incredible, for it has a show...
32) Physics
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Written in the fourth century BCE by Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle, Physics set out to define the principles and causes of change, movement, and motion. For 2,000 years ― until discoveries by Galileo, Newton, and other scientists ― this treatise was the primary source for explanations of falling rocks, rising flames, the circulation of air, and other physical phenomena. Modern readers are required to bring a keen sense of criticism...
33) Acerca del alma
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La figura de un gigante como Aristóteles (384 a. C. - 322 a. C.) es insoslayable en el pensamiento occidental, tanto en su vertiente filosófica como científica. Ha sido un referente a lo largo de los siglos en un sorprendente número de campos del saber: política, ética, lógica, retórica, biología, meteorología, etc., y en más de un caso fue él quien sentó las bases para el desarrollo de estas disciplinas. Su obra es abundante (entre 139...
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Aristotle's "A Treatise on Government," also known as "Politics," is a seminal work in the field of political philosophy. Written in the 4th century BCE, this treatise offers a profound analysis of the nature of city-states and their governance.
Aristotle examines various forms of government, including monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy, and discusses their merits and pitfalls. He advocates for a mixed government system, believing it to...
35) Categorias
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Portuguese
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Primeiro e primordial tratado do Órganon (onde Aristóteles estabelece o instrumento do correto pensar científico, ou seja, a lógica formal). As dez categorias (substância, quantidade, qualidade, relação, lugar, tempo, posição, estado, ação e paixão) são os elementos linguísticos primordiais e necessários para a formação dos silogismos (constituídos pelos juízos ou proposições), inaugurando o método dedutivo para as ciências....
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Nicomachean Ethics focuses on the importance of habitually behaving virtuously and developing a virtuous character. Aristotle emphasized the importance of context to ethical behavior, and the ability of the virtuous person to recognize the best course of action. Aristotle argued that happiness and well being is the goal of life, and that a person's pursuit of such, rightly conceived, will result in virtuous conduct. "EVERY art and every inquiry, and...
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Elsewhere we have investigated in detail the movement of animals after their various kinds, the differences between them, and the reasons for their particular characters (for some animals fly, some swim, some walk, others move in various other ways); there remains an investigation of the common ground of any sort of animal movement whatsoever.
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Every systematic science, the humblest and the noblest alike, seems to admit of two distinct kinds of proficiency; one of which may be properly called scientific knowledge of the subject, while the other is a kind of educational acquaintance with it. For an educated man should be able to form a fair off-hand judgement as to the goodness or badness of the method used by a professor in his exposition. To be educated is in fact to be able to do this;...
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All instruction given or received by way of argument proceeds from pre-existent knowledge. This becomes evident upon a survey of all the species of such instruction. The mathematical sciences and all other speculative disciplines are acquired in this way, and so are the two forms of dialectical reasoning, syllogistic and inductive; for each of these latter make use of old knowledge to impart new, the syllogism assuming an audience that accepts its...
40) Ética a nicómaco
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Parece claro que la felicidad es el fin último al que aspira la vida humana. Pero ¿cuál es la verdadera esencia de la felicidad? A esta espinosa cuestión se enfrenta Aristóteles (384 – 322 a. C.) en la Ética a Nicómaco.
Resultado de la selección realizada por su hijo Nicómaco con las notas que el propio autor utilizaba para sus lecciones en el Liceo, la obra resume las claves de la reflexión moral de su autor. Y aún más meritorio es...
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